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Lessons Learned from Three Mile Island Packaging, Transportation and Disposition that Apply to Fukushima Daiichi Recovery
Lessons Learned from Three Mile Island Packaging, Transportation and Disposition that Apply to Fukushima Daiichi Recovery
Following the massive earthquake and resulting tsunami damage in March of 2011 at the Fukushima
Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan, interest was amplified for what was done for recovery at the Three
Mile Island Unit 2 (TMI-2) in the United States following its meltdown in 1979. Many parallels could be
drawn between to two accidents. This paper presents the results of research done into the TMI-2 recovery
effort and its applicability to the Fukushima Daiichi cleanup. This research focused on three topics:
Fission Product Benchmarking for Burnup Credit Applications
Fission Product Benchmarking for Burnup Credit Applications
Progress toward developing a technical basis for a cost-effective burnup credit methodology for
spent nuclear fuel with initial U-235 enrichment up to 5% is presented. Present regulatory
practices provide as much burnup credit flexibility as can be currently expected. Further progress
is achievable by incorporating the negative reactivity effects of a subset of neutron-absorbing
fission product isotopes. Progress also depends on optimizing the procedure for establishing the
Proposed Alternative Strategy for the Department of Energy's Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Program--A Task Force Report
Proposed Alternative Strategy for the Department of Energy's Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Program--A Task Force Report
In his January 12, 1993 letter to Senator Johnston, Secretary Watkins promised to develop a
conceptual revised program strategy for public review. The enclosed document represents the
final report of the Task Force on an Alternative Program Strategy that was established to fulfill
that commitment. The report incorporates refinements to the preliminary draft you received on
March 8, based on discussions with key people in the program.
In developing this alternative strategy, the Task Force has drawn on the extensive analyses of
Managing Nuclear Waste-A Better Idea, A Report to the U.S. Secretary of Energy
Managing Nuclear Waste-A Better Idea, A Report to the U.S. Secretary of Energy
When Congress passed the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, it created the
Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management within the Department of
Energy to spearhead the implementation of this landmark legislation.
In Section 303 of the Act, however, Congress directed the Secretary of Energy
to study alternative approaches to managing the radioactive waste program, as
follows:
ALTERNATIVE MEANS OF FINANCING
SEC. 303. The Secretary shall undertake a study with respect to
Final Environmental Impact Statement, Management of Commercially Generated Radioactive Waste, Vol. 1
Final Environmental Impact Statement, Management of Commercially Generated Radioactive Waste, Vol. 1
Alternative Means of Financing and Managing the Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Program
Alternative Means of Financing and Managing the Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Program
This report is in response to the directive of the House Appropriations Subcommittee for Energy and Water
Development that the Department of Energy (DOE) update a 1984 report of alternative means of financing and
managing (AMFM) the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) in the DOE. The
President’s FY 2002 budget also stated: “DOE will submit to Congress an updated report regarding alternative
approaches to finance and manage the program by June 30, 2001[.] DOE will identify in this report models of
Managing Commercial High-Level Radioactive Waste
Managing Commercial High-Level Radioactive Waste
After more than 20 years of commercial nuclear power, the Federal
Government has yet to develop a broadly supported policy for fulfilling
its legal responsibility for the final isolation of high-level radioactive waste.
OTA's study concludes that until such a policy is adopted in law, there
is a substantial risk that the false starts, shifts of policy, and fluctuating support
that have plagued the final isolation program in the past will continue.
Final isolation-the last step in radioactive waste management-is intended
Living in a Chemical World--Framing the Future in Light of the Past
Living in a Chemical World--Framing the Future in Light of the Past
Deciding for the Future: Balancing Risks, Costs, and Benefits Fairly Across Generations--A Report by a Panel of the National Academy of Public Administration for the U.S. Department of Energy
Deciding for the Future: Balancing Risks, Costs, and Benefits Fairly Across Generations--A Report by a Panel of the National Academy of Public Administration for the U.S. Department of Energy
Factors Affecting Public and Political Acceptance for the Implementation of Geological Disposal
Factors Affecting Public and Political Acceptance for the Implementation of Geological Disposal
The main objective of this report is to identify conditions which affect public concern (either
increase or decrease) and political acceptance for developing and implementing programmes
for geologic disposal of long-lived radioactive waste. It also looks how citizens and relevant
actors can be associated in the decision making process in such a way that their input is
enriching the outcome towards a more socially robust and sustainable solution. Finally, it
aims at learning from the interaction how to optimise risk management addressing needs and
Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste, Safety Requirements No. WS-R-4
Geological Disposal of Radioactive Waste, Safety Requirements No. WS-R-4
Nuclear Waste: Is There a Need for Federal Interim Storage? Report of the Monitored Retrievable Storage Review Commission
Nuclear Waste: Is There a Need for Federal Interim Storage? Report of the Monitored Retrievable Storage Review Commission
Radioactive Waste Repositories and Host Regions: Envisaging the Future Together
Radioactive Waste Repositories and Host Regions: Envisaging the Future Together
Environmental Impact Statement Comments, Management of Commercial High-Level and Transuranium-Contaminated Radioactive Waste
Environmental Impact Statement Comments, Management of Commercial High-Level and Transuranium-Contaminated Radioactive Waste
This report summarizes the results of EPA's review of the AEC
draft environmental statement, "Management of Commercial High-Level
and Transuranium-Contaminated Radioactive Waste" (WASH-1539). The
means by which high-level and long-lived radioactive wastes are
managed constitutes one of the most important questions upon which
the public acceptability of nuclear power, with its social and economic
benefits, will be determined. While the generation of power by
nuclear means offers certain benefits from the environmental viewpoint,
Research to Support Expansion of U.S. Regulatory Position on Burnup Credit for Transport and Storage Casks
Research to Support Expansion of U.S. Regulatory Position on Burnup Credit for Transport and Storage Casks
In 1999, the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S. NRC) initiated a research program
to support the development of technical bases and guidance that would facilitate the implementation of burnup
credit into licensing activities for transport and dry cask storage. This paper reviews the following major areas of
investigation: (1) specification of axial burnup profiles, (2) assumption on cooling time, (3) allowance for
assemblies with fixed and removable neutron absorbers, (4) the need for a burnup margin for fuel with initial
HTC Experimental Program: Validation and Calculational Analysis
HTC Experimental Program: Validation and Calculational Analysis
In the 1980s a series of the Haut Taux de Combustion (HTC) critical experiments with fuel pins in a water-moderated lattice was conducted at the Apparatus B experimental facility in Valduc (Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, France) with the support of the Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire and AREVA NC. Four series of experiments were designed to assess profit associated with actinide-only burnup credit in the criticality safety evaluation for fuel handling, pool storage, and spent-fuel cask conditions.
Validation Issues for Depletion and Criticality Analysis in Burnup Credit
Validation Issues for Depletion and Criticality Analysis in Burnup Credit
This paper reviews validation issues associated with implementation of burnup credit in transport, dry storage,
and disposal. The issues discussed are ones that have been identified by one or more constituents of the
United States technical community (national laboratories, licensees, and regulators) that have been exploring the
use of burnup credit. There is not necessarily agreement on the importance of the various issues, which
sometimes is what creates the issue. The broad issues relate to the paucity of available experimental data
Phenomena and Parameters Important to Burnup Credit
Phenomena and Parameters Important to Burnup Credit
Since the mid-1980s, a significant number of studies have been directed at understanding the phenomena and
parameters important to implementation of burnup credit in out-of-reactor applications involving pressurizedwater-
reactor (PWR) spent fuel. The efforts directed at burnup credit involving boiling-water-reactor (BWR)
spent fuel have been more limited. This paper reviews the knowledge and experience gained from work
performed in the United States and other countries in the study of burnup credit. Relevant physics and analysis