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U.S. Nuclear Waste Law and Policy: Fixing a Bankrupt System
U.S. Nuclear Waste Law and Policy: Fixing a Bankrupt System
Institutional Issues in the Planning and Implementation of a Program to Dispose of High-Level Radioactive Wastes
Institutional Issues in the Planning and Implementation of a Program to Dispose of High-Level Radioactive Wastes
The research reported here was initiated in January 1980 and performed for the Office of Policy and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Energy. The study arises from recognition by the DOE that the resolution of institutional issues is vital to the establishment of facilities to dispose of high-level radioactive waste (HLW). The disposal of HLW is an intensely difficult public policy problem.
Nuclear Waste Disposal: Alternatives to Yucca Mountain
Nuclear Waste Disposal: Alternatives to Yucca Mountain
Congress designated Yucca Mountain, NV, as the nation’s sole candidate site for a permanent high-level nuclear waste repository in 1987, following years of controversy over the site-selection process. Over the strenuous objections of the State of Nevada, the Department of Energy (DOE) submitted a license application for the proposed Yucca Mountain repository in June 2008 to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).
Location Performance Objectives for the NNWSI Area-to-Location Screening Activity
Location Performance Objectives for the NNWSI Area-to-Location Screening Activity
Fifty-four objectives were identified to guide the screening of the Nevada Research and Development Area of the Nevada Test Site for relatively favorable locations for the disposal of nuclear waste in a mined geologic repository. The objectives were organized as a hierarchy composed of 4 upper-level, 12 middle-level, and 38 lower-level objectives. The four upper-level objectives account for broad national goals to contain and isolate nuclear waste in an environmentally sound and economically acceptable manner.
Lessons Learned in the UK for Deep Geological Disposal Site Selection
Lessons Learned in the UK for Deep Geological Disposal Site Selection
Development of Repository Concepts for Volunteer Siting Environments
Development of Repository Concepts for Volunteer Siting Environments
The primary objective of government policy, and of NUMO in implementing this policy is to ensure that a repository for Japan’s high-level radioactive waste is designed and located so as to provide secure isolation of the waste and adequate safety for present and future generations. This requires that the site of a repository has to be chosen carefully and an associated repository concept is selected which is appropriate for its specific geological and environmental conditions. At NUMO, we have chosen to implement a volunteering approach to siting.
DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE: THE FORMING OF A NEW APPROACH IN GERMANY
DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE: THE FORMING OF A NEW APPROACH IN GERMANY
Environmental Statement Radioactive Waste Repository, Lyons, Kansas, June 1971
Environmental Statement Radioactive Waste Repository, Lyons, Kansas, June 1971
As nuclear power assumes an increasingly important role in meeting the nation's requirements for electrical energy, the quantity of radioactive wastes will also increase. The wastes of primary concern -<br/>designated "high-level" and "alpha" wastes - contain radioactive nuclides that decay so slowly as to require that they be isolated from the biosphere for thousands of years.
Should High-Level Nuclear Waste be Disposed of at Geographically Dispersed Sites?
Should High-Level Nuclear Waste be Disposed of at Geographically Dispersed Sites?
Consideration of the technical feasibility of Yucca Mountain in Nevada as the site for a high-level nuclear<br/>waste repository has led to an intense debate regarding the economic, social, and political impacts of the<br/>repository.
Geologic Disposal of Radioactive Waste - 1983
Geologic Disposal of Radioactive Waste - 1983
Geologic repositories for radioactive waste are evolving<br/>from conceptualization to the development of specific<br/>designs. Estimates of long-term hazards must be based<br/>upon quantitative predictions of environmental releases<br/>over time periods of hundreds of thousands of years and<br/>longer.
Using Geologic Conditions and Multiattribute Decision Analysis to Determine the Relative Favorability of selected Areas for Siting a High-level Radioactive Waste Repository
Using Geologic Conditions and Multiattribute Decision Analysis to Determine the Relative Favorability of selected Areas for Siting a High-level Radioactive Waste Repository
A method is presented for determining the relative favorability<br/>of geologically complex areas for isolating high-level<br/>radioactive wastes. In applying the method to the northeastern region<br/>of the United States, seismieity and tectonic activity were the<br/>screening criteria used to divide the region into three areas of<br/>increasing seismotectonic risk. The following criteria, specified by<br/>the U.S.
How to Shape a Successful Repository Program: Staged Development of Geologic Repositories for High-level Waste
How to Shape a Successful Repository Program: Staged Development of Geologic Repositories for High-level Waste
Programs to manage and ultimately dispose of high-level radioactive wastes are unique from scientific and technological as well as socio-political aspects. From a scientific and technological perspective, high-level radioactive wastes remain potentially hazardous for geological time periods—many millennia—and scientific and technological programs must be put in place that result in a system that provides high confidence that the wastes will be isolated from the accessible environment for these many thousands of years.
Possible Strategies for Geoscientific Classification for High-Level Waste Repository Site Selection
Possible Strategies for Geoscientific Classification for High-Level Waste Repository Site Selection
This work was performed to suggest possible strategies for geoscientific classifications in the siting process of a high-level repository. To develop a feasible method for geoscientific classifications, a number of factors of a philosophical character, related to the purpose of the classifications, need to be accounted for. Many different approaches can be visualized, and this report was not intended to present a complete classification methodology.
General Guidelines for the Recommendation of Sites for Nuclear Waste Repositories-Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR)
General Guidelines for the Recommendation of Sites for Nuclear Waste Repositories-Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR)
Docket Number RW-RM-96-100, General Guidelines for the Recommendation of Sites for Nuclear Waste Repositories-Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR)
Identifying remaining socio-technical challenges at the national level: USA
Identifying remaining socio-technical challenges at the national level: USA
This report contributes to the InSOTEC research programme’s Work Package 1.1 that maps remaining socio-technical challenges to the implementation of geological disposal of radioactive waste across fourteen countries in the EU and North America (www.insotec.eu). The aim of this report is to provide an overview of the current situation of geological disposal of High Level radioactive Waste (HLW) and Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) in the USA.
Environmental Impact Statement, Management of Commercially Generated Radioactive Waste. Volume 1
Environmental Impact Statement, Management of Commercially Generated Radioactive Waste. Volume 1
In the course of producing electrical power in light water reactors (LWRs), the uranium
fuel accumulates fission products until the fission process is no longer efficient.for power
production. At that point the fuel is removed from the reactor and stored in water basins
to allow radioactivity to partially decay before further disposition. This fuel is referred
to as "spent fuel." Although spent fuel as it is discharged from a reactor is intensely
radioactive, it has been stored safely in moderate quantities for decades. Spent fuel could
The Report to the President and the Congress by the Secretary of Energy on the Need to a Second Repository
The Report to the President and the Congress by the Secretary of Energy on the Need to a Second Repository
The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, as amended (NWPA), establishes a process for the siting, construction and operation of one or more national repositories for permanent disposal of the Nation’s spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high-level radioactive waste (HLW). In 1987, after the Department of Energy (the Department or DOE) had conducted studies of nine potential repository sites located throughout the United States, Congress amended the NWPA and selected the Yucca Mountain site in Nye County, Nevada as the only site for further study for the first national repository.
Recommendation by the Secretary of Energy of Candidate Sites for Site Characterization for the First Radioactive-Waste Repository
Recommendation by the Secretary of Energy of Candidate Sites for Site Characterization for the First Radioactive-Waste Repository
The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 (the Act), established a
step-by-step process for the siting of the nation's first repository for
high-level radioactive waste and spent fuel. The Act gave the Department of
Energy (DOE) the primary responsibility for conducting this siting process.
The first step in the process laid out in the Act was the development by
the DOE, with the concurrence of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), of
general guidelines to be used by the Secretary of the DOE (the Secretary) in
Helping a Community Control its Future: Potential Negotiating Packages and Benefits for an MRS Host
Helping a Community Control its Future: Potential Negotiating Packages and Benefits for an MRS Host
The voluntary siting process for the Monitored Retrievable Storage (MRS) facility set forth in the Nuclear Waste Policy Amendments Act (NWPAA) of 1987 provides a potential host community a unique opportunity to improve its present situation and to gain greater control over its future.
Confidence in the Long-term Safety of Deep Geological Repositories--Its Development and Communication
Confidence in the Long-term Safety of Deep Geological Repositories--Its Development and Communication
Confidence in the long-term safety of deep geological disposal, and the ways in which this
confidence can be obtained and communicated, are topics of great importance to the radioactive waste
management community.1
The technical aspects of confidence have been the subject of considerable debate, especially
the concept of model validation. It has, for example, been pointed out that it is impossible to describe
fully the evolution of an open system, such as a repository and its environment, that cannot be
A Multiattribute Utility Analysis of Sites Nominated for Characterization for the First Radioactive-Waste Repository--A Decision-Aiding Methodology
A Multiattribute Utility Analysis of Sites Nominated for Characterization for the First Radioactive-Waste Repository--A Decision-Aiding Methodology
The Department of Energy (DOE), pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954
as amended, the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, the Department of Energy
Organization Act of 1977, and the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 (the Act),
has the responsibility to provide for the disposal of high-level radioactive
waste and spent nuclear fuel.* The DOE selected mined geologic repositories
as the preferred means for the disposal of commercially generated high-level
radioactive waste and spent fuel (Federal Register, Vol. 46, p. 26677, May 14,
Locating a radioactive waste repository in the ring of fire
Locating a radioactive waste repository in the ring of fire
The scientific, technical, and sociopolitical challenges of finding a secure site for a geological repository for radioactive wastes have created a long and stony path for many countries. Japan carried out many years of research and development before taking its first steps in site selection.
Management of Uncertainty in Safety Cases and the Role of Risk - Workshop Proceedings
Management of Uncertainty in Safety Cases and the Role of Risk - Workshop Proceedings
The development of radioactive waste repositories involves consideration of how the waste and the
engineered barrier systems will evolve, as well as the interactions between these and, often relatively
complex, natural systems. The timescales that must be considered are much longer than the timescales
that can be studied in the laboratory or during site characterisation. These and other factors can lead to
various types of uncertainty (on scenarios, models and parameters) in the assessment of long-term,
Radioactive Waste Disposal in Geological Formations International Conference Braunschweig ("City of Science 2007") November 6 – 9, 2007 Proceedings
Radioactive Waste Disposal in Geological Formations International Conference Braunschweig ("City of Science 2007") November 6 – 9, 2007 Proceedings
To solve the still open question of high-level radioactive waste disposal, the countries having made the greatest progress in this
field usually choose to carry out comparing selection procedures including broad involvement of the public. This is a central
result of the “RepoSafe”symposium which took place from November 6 to 9, 2007, in Braunschweig. Within the scope of
this symposium, internationally leading experts, invited by the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) and Gesellschaft