EPRI Review of Geologic Disposal for Used Fuel and High Level Radioactive Waste: Volume IV—Lessons Learned

The effective termination of the Yucca Mountain program by the U.S. Administration in 2009
has further delayed the construction and operation of a permanent disposal facility for used fuel
and high level radioactive waste (HLW) in the United States. In concert with this decision, the
President directed the Energy Secretary to establish the Blue Ribbon Commission on America’s
Nuclear Future to review and provide recommendations on options for managing used fuel and
HLW. EPRI is uniquely positioned to provide an independent scientific and technical perspective
on used fuel and HLW management as well as related impacts of alternate nuclear fuel cycles.
While there are, in fact, numerous options for managing the wastes associated with the nuclear
fuel cycle, all waste management and fuel cycle alternatives eventually require permanent
disposal for some form and amount of long-lived radioactive material. The disposal of used fuel
and HLW is often mischaracterized as an intractable problem. To the contrary, there exists today
an international consensus on the appropriateness and capability of deep geologic disposal to
provide long-term isolation of used fuel and HLW from the biosphere. This consensus has
emerged from more than five decades of scientific study and peer-review, technical and
regulatory developments, and site selection and characterization. This report, Lessons Learned, is
the final volume of a four-volume series, entitled EPRI Review of Geologic Disposal for Used
Fuel and High Level Radioactive Waste, which surveys and evaluates past, present, and planned
disposal options gleaned from a half-century of geologic disposal efforts in the United States and
abroad. EPRI’s review of technical and nontechnical elements deemed critical for successful
implementation of a repository program has identified a number of lessons learned in the
following areas: 1) laws, regulations, and institutional and financial arrangements; 2) site
screening, selection, and characterization; 3) repository design concepts; 4) independent peer
review and advisory bodies; and 5) stakeholder and public involvement.

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